384 lines
17 KiB
TeX
384 lines
17 KiB
TeX
\documentclass[portrait,final,a0paper,fontscale=0.277]{baposter}
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\usepackage{calc}
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\usepackage{graphicx}
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\usepackage{amsmath}
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\usepackage{amssymb}
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\usepackage{relsize}
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\usepackage{multirow}
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\usepackage{rotating}
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\usepackage{bm}
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\usepackage{url}
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\usepackage{graphicx}
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\usepackage{multicol}
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%\usepackage{times}
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%\usepackage{helvet}
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%\usepackage{bookman}
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\usepackage{palatino}
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\newcommand{\captionfont}{\footnotesize}
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\graphicspath{{images/}{../images/}}
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\usetikzlibrary{calc}
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\newcommand{\SET}[1] {\ensuremath{\mathcal{#1}}}
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\newcommand{\MAT}[1] {\ensuremath{\boldsymbol{#1}}}
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\newcommand{\VEC}[1] {\ensuremath{\boldsymbol{#1}}}
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\newcommand{\Video}{\SET{V}}
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\newcommand{\video}{\VEC{f}}
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\newcommand{\track}{x}
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\newcommand{\Track}{\SET T}
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\newcommand{\LMs}{\SET L}
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\newcommand{\lm}{l}
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\newcommand{\PosE}{\SET P}
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\newcommand{\posE}{\VEC p}
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\newcommand{\negE}{\VEC n}
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\newcommand{\NegE}{\SET N}
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\newcommand{\Occluded}{\SET O}
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\newcommand{\occluded}{o}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%% Some math symbols used in the text
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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% Multicol Settings
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\setlength{\columnsep}{1.5em}
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\setlength{\columnseprule}{0mm}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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% Save space in lists. Use this after the opening of the list
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\newcommand{\compresslist}{%
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\setlength{\itemsep}{1pt}%
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\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}%
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\setlength{\parsep}{0pt}%
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}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%% Begin of Document
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{document}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%% Here starts the poster
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%%%---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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%%% Format it to your taste with the options
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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% Define some colors
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%\definecolor{lightblue}{cmyk}{0.83,0.24,0,0.12}
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\definecolor{lightblue}{rgb}{0.145,0.6666,1}
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% Draw a video
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\newlength{\FSZ}
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\newcommand{\drawvideo}[3]{% [0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5]
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\noindent\pgfmathsetlength{\FSZ}{\linewidth/#2}
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\begin{tikzpicture}[outer sep=0pt,inner sep=0pt,x=\FSZ,y=\FSZ]
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\draw[color=lightblue!50!black] (0,0) node[outer sep=0pt,inner sep=0pt,text width=\linewidth,minimum height=0] (video) {\noindent#3};
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\path [fill=lightblue!50!black,line width=0pt]
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(video.north west) rectangle ([yshift=\FSZ] video.north east)
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\foreach \x in {1,2,...,#2} {
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{[rounded corners=0.6] ($(video.north west)+(-0.7,0.8)+(\x,0)$) rectangle +(0.4,-0.6)}
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}
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;
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\path [fill=lightblue!50!black,line width=0pt]
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([yshift=-1\FSZ] video.south west) rectangle (video.south east)
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\foreach \x in {1,2,...,#2} {
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{[rounded corners=0.6] ($(video.south west)+(-0.7,-0.2)+(\x,0)$) rectangle +(0.4,-0.6)}
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}
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;
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\foreach \x in {1,...,#1} {
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\draw[color=lightblue!50!black] ([xshift=\x\linewidth/#1] video.north west) -- ([xshift=\x\linewidth/#1] video.south west);
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}
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\foreach \x in {0,#1} {
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\draw[color=lightblue!50!black] ([xshift=\x\linewidth/#1,yshift=1\FSZ] video.north west) -- ([xshift=\x\linewidth/#1,yshift=-1\FSZ] video.south west);
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}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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}
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\hyphenation{resolution occlusions}
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%%
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\begin{poster}%
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% Poster Options
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{
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% Show grid to help with alignment
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grid=false,
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% Column spacing
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colspacing=1em,
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% Color style
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bgColorOne=white,
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bgColorTwo=white,
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borderColor=lightblue,
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headerColorOne=black,
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headerColorTwo=lightblue,
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headerFontColor=white,
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boxColorOne=white,
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boxColorTwo=lightblue,
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% Format of textbox
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textborder=roundedleft,
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% Format of text header
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eyecatcher=true,
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headerborder=closed,
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headerheight=0.1\textheight,
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% textfont=\sc, An example of changing the text font
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headershape=roundedright,
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headershade=shadelr,
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headerfont=\Large\bf\textsc, %Sans Serif
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textfont={\setlength{\parindent}{1.5em}},
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boxshade=plain,
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% background=shade-tb,
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background=plain,
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linewidth=2pt
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}
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% Eye Catcher
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{\includegraphics[height=5em]{images/graph_occluded.pdf}}
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% Title
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{\bf\textsc{GraphTrack: Fast and Globally Optimal Tracking in Videos}\vspace{0.5em}}
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% Authors
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{\textsc{\{ Brian.Amberg and Thomas.Vetter \}@unibas.ch}}
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% University logo
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{% The makebox allows the title to flow into the logo, this is a hack because of the L shaped logo.
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\includegraphics[height=9.0em]{images/logo}
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}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%% Now define the boxes that make up the poster
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%%%---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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%%% Each box has a name and can be placed absolutely or relatively.
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%%% The only inconvenience is that you can only specify a relative position
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%%% towards an already declared box. So if you have a box attached to the
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%%% bottom, one to the top and a third one which should be in between, you
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%%% have to specify the top and bottom boxes before you specify the middle
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%%% box.
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%
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% A coloured circle useful as a bullet with an adjustably strong filling
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\newcommand{\colouredcircle}{%
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\tikz{\useasboundingbox (-0.2em,-0.32em) rectangle(0.2em,0.32em); \draw[draw=black,fill=lightblue,line width=0.03em] (0,0) circle(0.18em);}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\headerbox{Problem}{name=problem,column=0,row=0}{
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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Tracks of features through scenes are needed for data analysis, as well as
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for movie special effects. Tracks are found in an interactive process. The
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artist marks a position, and the computer proposes a track which is then
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further refined by the artist.
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This is a difficult problem due to three aspects.
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\begin{enumerate}\compresslist
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\item Appearance changes due to lighting and pose
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\item Occlusions
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\item Speed: Interactive editing requires faster than framerate calculation
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\end{enumerate}
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\vspace{0.3em}
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}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\headerbox{Contributions}{name=contribution,column=0,below=problem}{
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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We formulated tracking as path search in a large graph, and solve it
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efficiently with a modificiation of Dijkstra's algorithm.
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The method is based on \cite{awf:tracking}. Our main contributions are
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\begin{enumerate}\compresslist
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\item Efficient incorporation of a background appearance model
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\item Formulation as a shortest path problem
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\item (Correct) handling of occlusions
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\item High-Efficiency implementation with up to 150 fps for a high
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resolution video
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\end{enumerate}
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\vspace{0.3em}
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}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\headerbox{Results}{name=results,column=1,span=2,row=0}{
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\drawvideo{5}{40}{%
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\includegraphics[width=0.2\linewidth]{red-4-sec_000_rastered}%
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\includegraphics[width=0.2\linewidth]{red-4-sec_024_rastered}%
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\includegraphics[width=0.2\linewidth]{red-4-sec_048_rastered}%
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\includegraphics[width=0.2\linewidth]{red-4-sec_072_rastered}%
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\includegraphics[width=0.2\linewidth]{red-4-sec_095_rastered}%
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}
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\begin{tabular*}{\linewidth}{*{5}{@{}p{0.2\linewidth}@{}}}
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{\hfill{}Frame 0\hfill{}} & {\hfill{}24\hfill{}} & {\hfill{}48\hfill{}} & {\hfill{}72\hfill{}} & {\hfill{}95\hfill{}}
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\end{tabular*}
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\\[1em]
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\drawvideo{5}{40}{%
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\includegraphics[width=0.2\linewidth]{giraffe-run-000-rastered}%
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\includegraphics[width=0.2\linewidth]{giraffe-run-100-rastered}%
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\includegraphics[width=0.2\linewidth]{giraffe-run-200-rastered}%
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\includegraphics[width=0.2\linewidth]{giraffe-run-300-rastered}%
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\includegraphics[width=0.2\linewidth]{giraffe-run-458-rastered}%
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}
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\begin{tabular*}{\linewidth}{*{5}{@{}p{0.2\linewidth}@{}}}
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{\hfill{}Frame 0\hfill{}} &
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{\hfill{}100\hfill{}} &
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{\hfill{}200\hfill{}} &
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{\hfill{}300\hfill{}} &
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{\hfill{}458\hfill{}}
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\end{tabular*}
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\begin{multicols}{2}
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Between one and three user clicks were needed to achieve accurate tracking for
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the head sequence. Note the correct handling of the occluded ear, which
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required only a single click.
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The eye of the running giraffe required eight user interactions, of which three
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marked occlusions.
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\end{multicols}
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\vspace{-0.6em}
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}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\headerbox{References}{name=references,column=0,above=bottom}{
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\smaller
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\bibliographystyle{ieee}
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\renewcommand{\section}[2]{\vskip 0.05em}
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\begin{thebibliography}{1}\itemsep=-0.01em
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\setlength{\baselineskip}{0.4em}
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\bibitem{amberg11:graphtrack}
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B.~Amberg, T. Vetter.
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\newblock {GraphTrack}: {F}ast and {G}lobally {O}ptimal {T}racking in {V}ideos
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\newblock In {\em CVPR '11}
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\bibitem{awf:tracking}
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A.~Buchanan and A.~Fitzgibbon.
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\newblock {I}nteractive {F}eature {T}racking using {K-D} {T}rees and {D}ynamic {P}rogramming.
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\newblock In {\em CVPR '06}
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\end{thebibliography}
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\vspace{0.3em}
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}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\headerbox{Background Model}{name=background model,column=1,below=results}{
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\noindent\begin{tabular}{@{\hspace{0.0em}}c@{\hspace{1.5em}}c@{\hspace{0.0em}}}
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With & Without\\
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background model & background model\\
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\includegraphics[width=0.46\linewidth]{candidates_lips_ridge_left_bg} &
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\includegraphics[width=0.46\linewidth]{candidates_lips_ridge_left_no_bg} \\[2em]
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%\begin{sideways}{\makebox[0.32\linewidth][c]{Flank of a giraffe}}\end{sideways} &
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%\includegraphics[width=0.40\linewidth]{candidates_giraffes_flank_bg}&
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%\includegraphics[width=0.40\linewidth]{candidates_giraffes_flank_no_bg}\\
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\end{tabular}
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\indent We incorporate a background model, such that a click tells us not only `this
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is how the landmark looks like', but also `this is how the landmark
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does \emph{not} look like' for all other patches in that frame.
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The figure contrasts the per frame evidence for each candidate patch with and
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without a background model. Using the background model makes the correct
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patch probable enough, that it is chosen. But note that global reasoning over
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the entire path is still necessary, as the correct patch is not the most
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probable patch in this frame.
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The background model is essential for a good user experience, as it avoids
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learning an overly broad apperance model when marking up difficult frames.
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\vspace{0.3em}
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}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\headerbox{Speed}{name=speed,column=2,row=0,below=results,bottomaligned=background model}{
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\newcommand{\basiswidth}{0.22}
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\newcommand{\basisskip}{0.04} % (1-4*\basiswidth)/3
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\newcommand{\imagegrid}[1]{
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\begin{tabular}{@{}
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c@{\hspace{\basisskip\linewidth}}%
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c@{\hspace{\basisskip\linewidth}}%
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c@{\hspace{\basisskip\linewidth}}%
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c@{}}
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%
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\includegraphics[width=\basiswidth\linewidth,height=\basiswidth\linewidth,keepaspectratio]{#1-01} &
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\includegraphics[width=\basiswidth\linewidth,height=\basiswidth\linewidth,keepaspectratio]{#1-02} &
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\includegraphics[width=\basiswidth\linewidth,height=\basiswidth\linewidth,keepaspectratio]{#1-03} &
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\includegraphics[width=\basiswidth\linewidth,height=\basiswidth\linewidth,keepaspectratio]{#1-04} \\
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\includegraphics[width=\basiswidth\linewidth,height=\basiswidth\linewidth,keepaspectratio]{#1-05} &
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\includegraphics[width=\basiswidth\linewidth,height=\basiswidth\linewidth,keepaspectratio]{#1-06} &
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\includegraphics[width=\basiswidth\linewidth,height=\basiswidth\linewidth,keepaspectratio]{#1-07} &
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\includegraphics[width=\basiswidth\linewidth,height=\basiswidth\linewidth,keepaspectratio]{#1-08} \\
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\includegraphics[width=\basiswidth\linewidth,height=\basiswidth\linewidth,keepaspectratio]{#1-09} &
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\includegraphics[width=\basiswidth\linewidth,height=\basiswidth\linewidth,keepaspectratio]{#1-10} &
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\includegraphics[width=\basiswidth\linewidth,height=\basiswidth\linewidth,keepaspectratio]{#1-11} &
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\includegraphics[width=\basiswidth\linewidth,height=\basiswidth\linewidth,keepaspectratio]{#1-12} \\
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\includegraphics[width=\basiswidth\linewidth,height=\basiswidth\linewidth,keepaspectratio]{#1-13} &
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\includegraphics[width=\basiswidth\linewidth,height=\basiswidth\linewidth,keepaspectratio]{#1-14} &
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\includegraphics[width=\basiswidth\linewidth,height=\basiswidth\linewidth,keepaspectratio]{#1-15} &
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\includegraphics[width=\basiswidth\linewidth,height=\basiswidth\linewidth,keepaspectratio]{#1-16}
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\end{tabular}
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}
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\noindent\begin{tabular}{@{}c@{\hspace{0.5em}}c@{\hspace{0.5em}}c@{}}
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\begin{minipage}{0.3\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{basis-giraffe-example-frame}\\[1em]
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\end{minipage}&
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\begin{minipage}{0.3\linewidth}
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\imagegrid{basis-giraffe-basis}
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\end{minipage}&
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\begin{minipage}{0.3\linewidth}
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\imagegrid{basis-giraffe-response}
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\end{minipage}\\
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\smaller Image &\smaller Filter Bank &\smaller Response
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\end{tabular}\\[1em]
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\indent{}Speed is achieved by preprocessing the video with an adaptive filter
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bank as in~\cite{awf:tracking}. Preprocessing was sped up significantly, but is
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still slower than realtime.
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This encodes the video into 16 byte per pixel feature vectors. We implemented
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an efficient search for similar patches using the SIMD hardware of modern
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processors, and only evaluate the cost on these candidate patches. (Typically
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200 patches per frame). The Graph-Structure focuses the evaluations on the most
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important areas, and makes candidate search and reasoning highly efficient,
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such that the system runs at interactive speed.
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Note that the preprocessing is not specific to the interestpoints tracked
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later. A single preprocessed video can therefore be used in many annotation
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sessions.
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\vspace{0.0em}
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}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\headerbox{Source Code}{name=source,column=2,below=speed,above=bottom}{
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\noindent
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\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
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\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth}
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\indent{}The source code and compiled executables with an interactive interface are available at \\
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\end{minipage}\hfill%
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\begin{minipage}{0.28\linewidth}
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\hfill\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{chart}
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\end{minipage}
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\end{minipage}
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\url{http://www.cs.unibas.ch/personen/amberg_brian/graphtrack}
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}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\headerbox{A Future Direction}{name=questions,column=1,span=1,below=background model,above=bottom}{
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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We incorporated a background model, where a click informs us not only that `this is how the
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patch looks like', but also for the rest of the frame, `this is how the patch
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does not look like'.
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Can we also \emph{efficiently} use a background tracks model, allowing us
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to reason, `this would be a good track, but part of it can be better
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explained by tracking another point'.
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\vspace{0.3em}
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}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\headerbox{Method}{name=method,column=0,below=contribution,above=references}{
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\noindent{\centering\includegraphics[width=0.95\linewidth]{images/graph_occluded.pdf}\\}
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\indent The cost is interpreted as a directed acyclic graph
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with weights on the nodes and edges. The nodes encode candidate positions,
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and the edges the transition costs between candidates. Additional edges
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(dashed) allow occlusion transitions which skip frames.
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The optimal track is found with a modification of Dijkstra's shortest path
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search. The search was speed up by lower bounding the cost, and lazily
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evaluating the accurate cost only where necessary to find the global optimum.
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\vspace{0.3em}
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}
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\end{poster}
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\end{document}
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