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% Name and authors of poster/paper/research
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%\title{Study of Muon Capture for $\boldsymbol{\mu-e}$ Conversion Experiments}
\title{Measurement of Charged Particles Emission From Muon Capture}
\author{Tran Hoai Nam}
\institute{Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Univerity}

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% Start the poster itself
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\begin{document}

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		% Introduction
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			\begin{alertblock}{Introduction - Searches for cFLV}
				\begin{itemize}
					\item Charged lepton flavor violation (cFLV), if observed, is a clear
						evidence of new physics beyond the Standard Model (fig.
						\ref{fig:SMmeg}).
						\begin{figure}[h!]
							\begin{center}
								\includegraphics[width=0.8\onecolwid]{figs/SM-meg2}
							\end{center}
							\caption{One of the diagrams of massive neutrino contributions to
							$\mu \rightarrow e\gamma$} 
							\label{fig:SMmeg}
						\end{figure}
					\item Event signal of $\mu - e$ conversion
					\item COMET schedule
				\end{itemize}
			\end{block}
			\vskip2ex

			\begin{block}{Introduction$\boldsymbol{\mu^-N \rightarrow e^-N}$}
				\vskip1ex
				\begin{itemize}
					\item Two major experiments search for $\mu-e$ conversion:
						COMET@J-PARC and Mu2e@FNAL 
					\item Design issue from muon capture process: optimization of the
						target thickness and the absorber to reduce hit rate of protons
						\begin{figure}[]
							\includegraphics[width=22cm]{figs/phase1det}
							\caption{Concept of the tracking detector of COMET Phase I [ref]}
							\label{fig:phase1det}
						\end{figure}
					\item Current status: no data available for relevant target and
						energy range. Mu2e and COMET are using a parameterization of muon
						capture data taken from the Si active target in 1968.

						\begin{figure}[]
							\includegraphics[width=22cm]{figs/si-proton}
							\caption{Silicon data [ref]}
							\label{fig:sidata}
						\end{figure}
				\end{itemize}
			\end{block}
			\vskip2ex

			\begin{block}{The new measurement of charged particles emission
				from muon capture}
				\begin{itemize}
					\item A joint collaboration between COMET and Mu2e
					\item Goals of the experiment:
						\begin{itemize}
							\item[-] measure rate and energy spectra of the charged particles
								(p, d, $\alpha$) emitted after muon capture on some targets:
								Al, Si and Si (active target), 
							\item[-] required precision: 5\% for both the rate and the energy
								spectra in  the range from 2.5 $-$ 12 MeV
						\end{itemize}
					\item Will be conducted at TRIUMF (Canada) and PSI (Switzerland).
				\end{itemize}
				\vskip1ex
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			% Methods
			\begin{block}{Methods}
				\begin{minipage}[t]{\onecolwid}
				\begin{figure}[]
					\includegraphics[width=0.95\onecolwid]{figs/setup}
					\caption{Schematic view of the experimental set up}
					\label{fig:setup}
				\end{figure}
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				\begin{minipage}[t]{\onecolwid} 
					The schematic view of the experimental set up is shown in the Figure
					\ref{fig:setup}:
					\begin{itemize}
						\item Low momentum muon beam: to ensure a high rate of stopped
							muons, and a well determined range of muons in the targets. A
							cloud muon of 30 $-$ 34 MeV/c from a surface muon channel is
							optimal.
						\item The charged particles are measured by dE/dx method
							by two pairs of silicon detectors. Active area of each silicon
							detector is 5$\times$5 cm$^2$, the dE detectors are 65 $\mu m$
							thick, and the E detectors are 1500 $\mu m$ thick.
						\item Muon normalization: muonic X-ray measurement by a germanium
							detector.
						\item Correction for energy loss of charged particles in the
							targets: using a response function obtained from the use of the
							active silicon target, where the energy loss can be measured. A
							waveform digitizer will be used to readout signals from the
							active target.
					\end{itemize}
				\end{minipage}
			\end{block}
			\vskip2ex

			% Simulation result
			\begin{block}{Calculations}
				\begin{itemize}
					\item Using Geant4, with assumptions:
						\begin{itemize}
							\item [-] Muon momentum 30 MeV/c, momentum spread 5\%.
							\item [-] Muon intensity: 10$^4$ muons/sec. 
							\item [-] Proton emission rate is 0.15 per muon capture, the same
								value as being used in COMET and Mu2e calculations.
							\item [-] Efficiency of silicon detectors are 100\%.
							\item [-] Energy resolution (FWHM) of silicon detectors are: 140
								keV for the 65 $\mu m$-thick detectors, and 40 keV for the
								$140 \mu m$-thick detectors.
						\end{itemize}
					\item Simulation results of particle identification and rate
						estimation is shown in Figure \ref{fig:dEdx} and Table
						\ref{tb:rates}.
				\end{itemize}

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					\begin{figure}[]
						\includegraphics[width=1.25\onecolwid]{figs/dEdx}
						\caption{Particle identification with two silicon detectors}
						\label{fig:dEdx}
					\end{figure}
				%\end{minipage}
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					%\begin{table}[htb!]
						%\begin{center}
							%\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}  \hline
								%Target & \% Stopping & Event rate (Hz) & Event rate (Hz) \\ 
								%thickness ($\mu$m)& in target & All particles & Protons \\ 
								%\hline
								%50  & 2  & 8.1 	& 1.0   \\ \hline
								%100 & 16 & 21.3 & 1.5  \\ \hline
								%150 & 38 & 39.9 & 2.1  \\ \hline
								%200 & 53 & 51.1 & 2.4  \\ \hline
							%\end{tabular}
						%\end{center}
						%\caption{Estimated event rates for various targets of different
						%thickness. }
						%\label{tb:rates} 
					%\end{table}
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			\begin{block}{Calculations (cont.)}
					\begin{table}[htb!]
						\begin{center}
							\scalebox{0.95}{
							\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}  \hline
								Target 		& \% Stopping & Event rate (Hz) & Event rate (Hz) \\ 
								thickness ($\mu$m)& in target & All particles & Protons \\ 
								\hline
								50  & 2  & 8.1 	& 1.0   \\ \hline
								100 & 16 & 21.3 & 1.5  \\ \hline
								150 & 38 & 39.9 & 2.1  \\ \hline
								200 & 53 & 51.1 & 2.4  \\ \hline
							\end{tabular}
							}
						\end{center}
						\caption{Estimated event rates for various targets of different
						thickness. }
						\label{tb:rates} 
					\end{table}
				\end{block}
			\vskip2ex

			\begin{block}{Plan}
				\begin{itemize}
					\item July 2012: submitted the proposal to TRIUMF as experiment
						S1371, requested 36 shifts (3 weeks) beam time
					\item September 2012: the proposal was accepted with high priority
					\item Late November 2012: beam test
					\item Early 2013: physics run, 36 shifts
					\item A proposal will be submitted to PSI
				\end{itemize}
			\end{block}
			\vskip2ex

			\begin{block}{References}
				Some references and a graphic to show you how it's done:

				\small{\begin{thebibliography}{99}
					\bibitem{KLPL06} D.~W. Kribs, R. Laflamme, D. Poulin, M. Lesosky, Quantum Inf. \& Comp. \textbf{6} (2006), 383-399.
					\bibitem{zanardi97} P. Zanardi, M. Rasetti, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{79},  3306 (1997).
				\end{thebibliography}}
				\vspace{0.75in}
				\begin{center}
					\includegraphics[width=5in]{figs/canada.jpg}
				\end{center}
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