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\documentclass[a0paper,landscape,final]{baposter}
\usepackage{times}
\usepackage{calc}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{relsize}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{bm}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{pgfbaselayers}
\pgfdeclarelayer{background}
\pgfdeclarelayer{foreground}
\pgfsetlayers{background,main,foreground}
\usepackage{helvet}
%\usepackage{bookman}
\usepackage{palatino}
\newcommand{\captionfont}{\footnotesize}
\selectcolormodel{cmyk}
\graphicspath{{images/}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%% Some math symbols used in the text
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Format
\newcommand{\Matrix}[1]{\begin{bmatrix} #1 \end{bmatrix}}
\newcommand{\Vector}[1]{\Matrix{#1}}
\newcommand*{\SET}[1] {\ensuremath{\mathcal{#1}}}
\newcommand*{\MAT}[1] {\ensuremath{\mathbf{#1}}}
\newcommand*{\VEC}[1] {\ensuremath{\bm{#1}}}
\newcommand*{\CONST}[1]{\ensuremath{\mathit{#1}}}
\newcommand*{\norm}[1]{\mathopen\| #1 \mathclose\|}% use instead of $\|x\|$
\newcommand*{\abs}[1]{\mathopen| #1 \mathclose|}% use instead of $\|x\|$
\newcommand*{\absLR}[1]{\left| #1 \right|}% use instead of $\|x\|$
\def\norm#1{\mathopen\| #1 \mathclose\|}% use instead of $\|x\|$
\newcommand{\normLR}[1]{\left\| #1 \right\|}% use instead of $\|x\|$
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Multicol Settings
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\setlength{\columnsep}{0.7em}
\setlength{\columnseprule}{0mm}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Save space in lists. Use this after the opening of the list
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand{\compresslist}{%
\setlength{\itemsep}{1pt}%
\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}%
\setlength{\parsep}{0pt}%
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Begin of Document
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{document}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Here starts the poster
%%%---------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% Format it to your taste with the options
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\typeout{Poster Starts}
\background{
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]%
\draw (current page.north west)+(-2em,-0em) node[anchor=north west] {\hspace{-2em}\includegraphics[height=1.1\textheight]{silhouettes_background}};
\end{tikzpicture}%
}
\definecolor{silver}{cmyk}{0,0,0,0.3}
\definecolor{yellow}{cmyk}{0,0,0.9,0.0}
\definecolor{reddishyellow}{cmyk}{0,0.22,1.0,0.0}
\definecolor{black}{cmyk}{0,0,0.0,1.0}
\definecolor{darkYellow}{cmyk}{0,0,1.0,0.5}
\definecolor{darkSilver}{cmyk}{0,0,0,0.1}
\definecolor{lightyellow}{cmyk}{0,0,0.3,0.0}
\definecolor{lighteryellow}{cmyk}{0,0,0.1,0.0}
\definecolor{lighteryellow}{cmyk}{0,0,0.1,0.0}
\definecolor{lightestyellow}{cmyk}{0,0,0.05,0.0}
\begin{poster}{
% Show grid to help with alignment
grid=false,
% Column spacing
colspacing=1em,
% Color style
bgColorOne=lighteryellow,
bgColorTwo=lightestyellow,
borderColor=reddishyellow,
headerColorOne=yellow,
headerColorTwo=reddishyellow,
headerFontColor=black,
boxColorOne=lightyellow,
boxColorTwo=lighteryellow,
% Format of textbox
textborder=roundedleft,
% Format of text header
eyecatcher=false,
headerborder=open,
headerheight=0.08\textheight,
headershape=roundedright,
headershade=plain,
headerfont=\Large\textsf, %Sans Serif
boxshade=plain,
% background=shade-tb,
background=plain,
linewidth=2pt
}
% Eye Catcher
{} % No eye catcher for this poster. If an eye catcher is present, the title is centered between eye-catcher and logo.
% Title
{\sf %Sans Serif
%\bf% Serif
Expression Invariant Face Recognition using a 3D Morphable Model}
% Authors
{\sf %Sans Serif
% Serif
Brian Amberg\hspace{3em}
brian.amberg@unibas.ch\hspace{3em}
University of Basel, Switzerland
}
% University logo
{{\begin{minipage}{16em}
\hfill
\includegraphics[height=2em]{msrlogo}
\includegraphics[height=5.5em]{logo}
\end{minipage}}
}
\tikzstyle{light shaded}=[top color=baposterBGtwo!30!white,bottom color=baposterBGone!30!white,shading=axis,shading angle=30]
% Width of left inset image
\newlength{\leftimgwidth}
\setlength{\leftimgwidth}{0.78em+8.0em}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Now define the boxes that make up the poster
%%%---------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% Each box has a name and can be placed absolutely or relatively.
%%% The only inconvenience is that you can only specify a relative position
%%% towards an already declared box. So if you have a box attached to the
%%% bottom, one to the top and a third one which should be in between, you
%%% have to specify the top and bottom boxes before you specify the middle
%%% box.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% A coloured circle useful as a bullet with an adjustably strong filling
\newcommand{\colouredcircle}[1]{%
\tikz{\useasboundingbox (-0.2em,-0.32em) rectangle(0.2em,0.32em); \draw[draw=black,fill=baposterBGone!80!black!#1!white,line width=0.03em] (0,0) circle(0.18em);}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\headerbox{Contribution}{name=contribution,column=0,row=0}{
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
{}We introduce a method for expression invariant face recognition. A
generative 3D Morphable Model (3DMM) is used to separate identity and
expression components. The expression removal results in greatly increased
recognition performance, even on difficult datasets, without a decrease in
performance on expression-less datasets.
It is applicable to any kind of input data, and was evaluated here on
textureless range scans.
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\headerbox{Model}{name=model,column=0,below=contribution}{
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
The Model was learnt from 175 subjects. We used one neutral expression scan
per identity and 50 expression scans of a subset of the subjects.
The identity model is a linear model build from the neutral scans.
\begin{align}
\VEC f&=\VEC\mu + \MAT M_n\VEC\alpha_n\qquad.
\end{align}
For each of the 50 expression scans, we calculated an expression vector as
the difference between the expression scan and the corresponding neutral
scan of that subject. This data is already mode-centered, if we regard the
neutral expression as the natural mode of expression data. From these offset
vectors an additional expression matrix $\MAT M_e$ was calculated, such that the complete linear Model is
\begin{align}
\VEC f&=\VEC\mu + \MAT M_n\VEC\alpha_n + \MAT M_e\VEC\alpha_e
\end{align}
The assumption here is, that the face and expression space are linearly
independent, such that each face is represented by a unique set of
coefficients.
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\headerbox{Fitting}{name=fitting,column=0,below=model}{
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
A Robust Nonrigid ICP method was used to fit the model to the data.
Robustness was achieved by iteratively reweighting the correspondences and
using hard compatability test for the closest points.
Fitting was initialized by a simple nose detector and proceeded fully
automatic.
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\headerbox{Distance Measure}{name=measure,column=0,below=fitting,above=bottom}{
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
The Mahalanobis angle between the identity coefficients $\VEC{\alpha_{n}}$
was used for classification.
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\headerbox{Expression Neutralization}{name=results neutralization,column=1,row=0}{
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{tabular}{@{}c@{ }c@{ }c@{ }c@{}@{ }@{ }c@{ }c@{ }c@{ }c@{ }}
\includegraphics[height=0.42\linewidth]{16_1_tgt}&
\includegraphics[height=0.42\linewidth]{16_1_expression}&
\includegraphics[height=0.42\linewidth]{16_1_neutral}\\[-0.8em]
\smaller a) Target & \smaller b) Fit & \smaller c) Normalized\\[0.8em]
\includegraphics[height=0.42\linewidth]{16_6_tgt}&
\includegraphics[height=0.42\linewidth]{16_6_expression}&
\includegraphics[height=0.42\linewidth]{16_6_neutral}\\[-0.8em]
\smaller a) Target & \smaller b) Fit & \smaller c) Normalized
\end{tabular}
Expression normalisation for two scans of the same individual.
The robust fitting gives a good estimate (b) of the true face surface given
the noisy measurement (a). It fills in holes and removes artifacts using
prior knowledge from the face model. The pose and expression normalized faces
(c) are used for face recognition.
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\headerbox{Robustness}{name=robustness,column=1,below=results neutralization,span=1,above=bottom}{
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{tabular}{@{}c@{ }c@{ }c@{ }c@{}}
\includegraphics[height=0.42\linewidth]{56_4_tgt}&
\includegraphics[height=0.42\linewidth]{23_2_tgt}&
\includegraphics[height=0.42\linewidth]{5_6_tgt}\\[-0.8em]
& \smaller a) Targets & \\[0.8em]
\includegraphics[height=0.42\linewidth]{56_4_expression}&
\includegraphics[height=0.42\linewidth]{23_2_expression}&
\includegraphics[height=0.42\linewidth]{5_6_expression}\\[-0.8em]
& \smaller b) Fits &
\end{tabular}
The reconstruction (b) is robust against scans (a) with artifacts, noise, and
holes.
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\headerbox{Results}{name=results,column=2,span=2,row=0}{
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{multicols}{2}
The method was evaluated on the GavabDB expression dataset which
contains 427 Scans, with 3 neutral scans and 4 expression scans per ID.
To test the impact of expression invariance on neutral data we used the
UND Dataset from the Face Recognition Great Vendor Test, which contains
953 neutral scans with one to eight scans per subject.
\end{multicols}\vspace{-1em}
\mbox{\hspace{0.3\linewidth}\rule{0.4\linewidth}{1pt}\hspace{0.3\linewidth}}\\
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\hspace{0.5em}\scalebox{0.74}{\input{shrec_MNCG}} &
\hspace{0.5em}\scalebox{0.74}{\input{und_MNCG}}
\end{tabular}\\
% \begin{multicols}{2}
{Expression neutralization improves results on the expression dataset
without decreasing the accuracy on the neutral testset. Plotted is the
ratio of correct answers to the number of possible correct answers.
%Note the different scales for the two graphs.
%Our approach has a high accuracy on the neutral (UND) dataset.
}
% \end{multicols}\vspace{-1em}
\\\mbox{\hspace{0.3\linewidth}\rule{0.4\linewidth}{1pt}\hspace{0.3\linewidth}}\\
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\hspace{0.5em}\scalebox{0.74}{\input{shrec_PR}} &
\hspace{0.5em}\scalebox{0.74}{\input{und_PR}}
\end{tabular}\\
% \begin{multicols}{2}
{Plotted are precision and recall for different retrieval depths. The lower
precision of the UND database is due to the fact that some queries have no
correct answers.}
% \end{multicols}\vspace{-1em}
\\\mbox{\hspace{0.3\linewidth}\rule{0.4\linewidth}{1pt}\hspace{0.3\linewidth}}\\
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\hspace{0.5em}\scalebox{0.74}{\input{shrec_FARFRR}} &
\hspace{0.5em}\scalebox{0.74}{\input{und_FARFRR}}
\end{tabular}\\
% \begin{multicols}{2}
{Impostor detection is reliable, as the minimum distance to a match
is smaller than the minimum distance to a nonmatch. }
% \end{multicols}
\\
}%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\headerbox{Open Questions}{name=questions,column=2,span=1,above=bottom,below=results}{
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
While the expression and identity space are linearly independent, there is
some expression left in the identity model. This is because a ``neutral''
face is interpreted differently by the subjects. We investigate the
possibilty to build an identity/expression separated model without using
the data labelling, based on a measure of independence.
}%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\headerbox{Funding}{name=funding,column=3,span=1,above=bottom}{
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\smaller
This work was supported in part by Microsoft Research through the European PhD Scholarship Programme.
}%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\headerbox{References}{name=references,column=3,above=funding,below=results}{
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\smaller
\vspace{-0.4em}
\bibliographystyle{ieee}
\renewcommand{\section}[2]{\vskip 0.05em}
\begin{thebibliography}{1}\itemsep=-0.01em
\setlength{\baselineskip}{0.4em}
\bibitem{amberg07:nonrigid}
B.~Amberg, S.~Romdhani, T. Vetter.
\newblock {O}ptimal {S}tep {N}onrigid {ICP} {A}lgorithms for {S}urface {R}egistration
\newblock In {\em CVPR 2007}
\bibitem{amberg08:recognition}
B.~Amberg, R.~Knothe, T. Vetter.
\newblock Expression Invariant Face Recognition with a 3D Morphable Model
\newblock In {\em AFGR 2008}
\end{thebibliography}
}%
\end{poster}%
%
\end{document}