in progress of adapting things to siunitx, done chap4

thesis2/chapters/chap4_alcap_phys.tex

@@ -66,17 +66,17 @@ emission of particles with emphasis on proton.
 Theoretically, the capturing process can be described in the following
 stages~\cite{FermiTeller.1947, WuWilets.1969}: 
 \begin{enumerate}
-  \item High to low (a few \kilo\electronvolt) energy: the muon velocity are
+  \item High to low (a few \si{\kilo\electronvolt}) energy: the muon velocity are
     greater than the velocity of the valence electrons of the atom. Slowing
     down process is similar to that of fast heavy charged particles. It takes
-    about \sn{}{-9} to \sn{}{-10} \second~to slow down from a relativistic
-    \sn{}{8} \electronvolt~energy to 2000 \electronvolt~in condensed matter, 
+    about \sn{}{-9} to \sn{}{-10} \si{\second}~to slow down from a relativistic
+    \sn{}{8}~\si{\electronvolt}~energy to 2000~\si{\electronvolt}~in condensed matter, 
     and about 1000 times as long in air.  
   \item Low energy to rest: in this phase, the muon velocity is less than that
     of the valence electrons, the muon is considered to be moving inside
     a degenerate electron gas. The muon rapidly comes to a stop either in
-    condensed matters ($\sim$\sn{}{-13} \second) or in gases ($\sim$\sn{}{-9}
-    \second).
+    condensed matters ($\sim$\sn{}{-13}~\si{\second}) or in gases ($\sim$\sn{}{-9}
+    \si{\second}).
   \item Atomic capture: the muon has no kinetic energy, it is captured by the
     host atom into one of high orbital states, forming a muonic atom. The
     distribution of initial states is not well known. The details depend on
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ stages~\cite{FermiTeller.1947, WuWilets.1969}:
     by the emission of Auger electrons or characteristic X-rays, or excitation
     of the nucleus. The time taken for the muon to enter the lowest possible
     state, 1S, from the instant of its atomic capture is
-    $\sim$\sn{}{-14}\second.
+    $\sim$\sn{}{-14}\si{\second}.
   \item Muon disappearance: after reaching the 1S state, the muons either
-    decays with a half-life of \sn{2.2}{-6} \second~or gets captured by the
+    decays with a half-life of \sn{2.2}{-6}~\si{\second}~or gets captured by the
     nucleus. In hydrogen, the capture to decay probability ratio is about
     \sn{4}{-4}. Around $Z=11$, the capture probability is roughly equal to the
     decay probability. In heavy nuclei ($Z\sim50$), the ratio of capture to
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ stages~\cite{FermiTeller.1947, WuWilets.1969}:
     than a K-shell electron. The close proximity of the K-shell muon in the
     Coulomb field of a nuclear, together with its weak interaction with the
     nucleus, allows the muon to spend a significant fraction of time (\sn{}{-7}
-    -- \sn{}{-6} \second) within the nucleus, serving as an ideal probe for the
+    -- \sn{}{-6} \si{\second}) within the nucleus, serving as an ideal probe for the
     distribution of nuclear charge and nuclear moments.
 
 \end{enumerate}
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ and of course not perfect, description of the existing data~\cite{Measday.2001}:
   - X_2\left(\frac{A-Z}{2A}\right)\right]
   \label{eq:primakoff_capture_rate}
 \end{equation}
-where $X_1 = 170$ \reciprocal\second~is the muon capture rate for hydrogen, but
+where $X_1 =$ \SI{170}{\second^{-1}}~is the muon capture rate for hydrogen, but
 reduced because a smaller phase-space in the nuclear muon capture compares to
 that of a nucleon; and $X_2 = 3.125$ takes into account the fact that it is
 harder for protons to transforms into neutrons due to the Pauli exclusion
@@ -347,20 +347,20 @@ $n_{avg} = (0.3 \pm 0.02)A^{1/3}$~\cite{Singer.1974}.
 The neutron emission can be explained by several mechanisms:
 \begin{enumerate}
   \item Direct emission follows reaction~\eqref{eq:mucap_proton}: these neutrons
-    have fairly high energy, from a few \mega\electronvolt~to as high as 40--50
-    \mega\electronvolt. 
+    have fairly high energy, from a few \si{\mega\electronvolt}~to as high as 40--50
+    \si{\mega\electronvolt}. 
   \item Indirect emission through an intermediate compound nucleus: the energy
     transferred to the neutron in the process~\eqref{eq:mucap_proton} is 5.2
-    \mega\electronvolt~if the initial proton is at rest, in nuclear
+    \si{\mega\electronvolt} if the initial proton is at rest, in nuclear
     environment, protons have a finite momentum distribution, therefore the
     mean excitation energy of the daughter nucleus is around 15 to 20
-    \mega\electronvolt~\cite{Mukhopadhyay.1977}. This is above the nucleon
+    \si{\mega\electronvolt}~\cite{Mukhopadhyay.1977}. This is above the nucleon
     emission threshold in all complex nuclei, thus the daughter nucleus can
     de-excite by emitting one or more neutrons. In some actinide nuclei, that
     excitation energy might trigger fission reactions. The energy of indirect
-    neutrons are mainly in the lower range $E_n \le 10$ \mega\electronvolt~with
-    characteristically exponential shape of evaporation process. On top of that
-    are prominent lines might appear where giant resonances occur.
+    neutrons are mainly in the lower range $E_n \le 10$ \si{\mega\electronvolt}
+    with characteristically exponential shape of evaporation process. On top of
+    that are prominent lines might appear where giant resonances occur.
 \end{enumerate}
 Experimental measurement of neutron energy spectrum is technically hard, and it
 is difficult to interpret the results. Due to these difficulties, only a few